List of war deities




"God of war" redirects here. For other uses, see God of War (disambiguation). For video game franchise, see God of War (franchise).




Mars, the Roman god of war




Sarutahiko.


A war deity is a god or goddess in mythology associated with war, combat, or bloodshed. They occur commonly in both monotheistic and polytheistic religions.


Unlike most gods and goddesses in polytheistic religions, monotheistic deities have traditionally been portrayed in their mythologies as commanding war in order to spread their religion. (The intimate connection between "holy war" and the "one true god" belief of monotheism has been noted by many scholars, including Jonathan Kirsch in his book God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism and Joseph Campbell in The Masks of God, Vol. 3: Occidental Mythology.) [1][2]


The following is a list of war deities.




Contents






  • 1 African mythology


    • 1.1 Ancient Egyptian


    • 1.2 Berber


    • 1.3 East African


    • 1.4 Yoruba




  • 2 Armenian mythology


  • 3 Balkan mythology


  • 4 Baltic mythology


  • 5 Celtic mythology


  • 6 Chinese mythology


  • 7 Etruscan mythology


  • 8 Germanic mythology


    • 8.1 Continental Germanic mythology


    • 8.2 Norse




  • 9 Greek mythology


  • 10 Hindu mythology


  • 11 Hittite mythology


  • 12 Hungarian mythology


  • 13 Japanese mythology


  • 14 Lusitanian mythology


  • 15 Mesopotamian mythology


  • 16 Mongolian mythology


  • 17 Native American mythology


    • 17.1 Aztec mythology


    • 17.2 Maya mythology


    • 17.3 Pacific Northwest


    • 17.4 Plains




  • 18 Nuristani mythology


  • 19 Polynesian mythology


    • 19.1 Hawaiian mythology


    • 19.2 Māori mythology




  • 20 Roman mythology


  • 21 Semitic mythology


  • 22 Slavic mythology


  • 23 Turkic mythology


  • 24 Vietnamese mythology


  • 25 Voodoo


  • 26 References





African mythology



Ancient Egyptian




  • Anhur, god of war, not a native god


  • Bast, cat-headed goddess associated with war, protection of Lower Egypt and the pharaoh, the sun, perfumes, ointments, and embalming


  • Horus, god of the king, the sky, war, and protection


  • Maahes, lion-headed god of war


  • Menhit, goddess of war, "she who massacres"


  • Montu, falcon-headed god of war, valor, and the Sun


  • Neith, goddess of war, hunting, and wisdom


  • Pakhet, goddess of war


  • Satis, deification of the floods of the Nile River and an early war, hunting, and fertility goddess


  • Sekhmet, goddess of warfare, pestilence, and the desert


  • Set, god of the desert and storms, associated with war


  • Sobek, god of the Nile, the army, military, fertility, and crocodiles


  • Sopdu, god of the scorching heat of the summer sun, associated with war


  • Wepwawet, wolf-god of war and death who later became associated with Anubis and the afterlife



Berber




  • Gurzil, Amazigh bull-headed warrior god.[3]

  • Ifri, war goddess



East African




  • Apedemak, Nubian lion-headed warrior god


  • Maher, Ethiopian god of war



Yoruba




  • Kokou, powerful Yoruba warrior god


  • Ogoun, Yoruba deity who presides over fire, iron, hunting, politics, and war


  • Oya, Yoruba warrior-goddess of the Niger River



Armenian mythology



  • Anahit, goddess of healing, fertility, wisdom, and water; in early periods associated with war


Balkan mythology



  • Danubian Rider

  • Sabazios

  • Thracian Rider



Baltic mythology



  • Kara Māte, Latvian goddess of war

  • Kauriraris, Lithuanian god of war and war steeds

  • Kovas, Lithuanian god of war



Celtic mythology





Guan Yu, Chinese god of loyalty, righteousness, and valor.




  • Agrona, reconstructed Proto-Celtic name for the river Aeron in Wales, and possibly the name of an associated war goddess


  • Andarta, Brittonic goddess theorized to be associated with victory, overcoming enemies, war


  • Alaisiagae, a pair of goddesses worshiped in Roman Britain, with parallel Celtic and Germanic titles


  • Andraste, Gaulish warrior goddess


  • Anann, Irish goddess of war, death, predicting death in battle, cattle, prosperity, and fertility


  • Bandua, Gallaecian God of War


  • Badb, Irish goddess of war who took the form of a crow; member of the Morrígan


  • Belatucadros, war god worshipped by soldiers and equated with the Roman war god Mars


  • Camulus, god of war of the Belgic Remi and British Trinovantes


  • Catubodua, Gaulish goddess assumed to be associated with victory


  • Cicolluis, Gaulish and Irish god associated with war


  • Cocidius, Romano-British god associated with war, hunting and forests


  • Macha, Irish goddess associated with war, horses, and sovereignty; member of the Morrígan


  • The Morrígan, Irish triple goddess associated with sovereignty, prophecy, war, and death on the battlefield


  • Neit, Irish god of war, husband of Nemain of Badb


  • Nemain, Irish goddess of the frenzied havoc of war; member of the Morrígan


  • Rudianos, Gaulish god of war


  • Segomo, Gaulish god of war


  • Teutates, British and Gaulish god of war and the tribe



Chinese mythology




  • Chiyou, god of war


  • Erlang Shen, a three-eyed warrior


  • Guan Yu, a historical general from the Han Dynasty who came to be worshiped as god of loyalty, righteousness, and valor


  • Jinzha, marshal of the center altar


  • Jiutian Xuannü, goddess of war, sex, and longevity [4]

  • Li Jing


  • Muzha, marshal of the center altar

  • Nezha

  • Wen Qiong [5]

  • Yue Fei



Etruscan mythology




  • Laran, god of war.


  • Menrva, goddess of war, art, wisdom, and health



Germanic mythology




Idise by Emil Doepler.



Continental Germanic mythology




  • Baduhenna, a western Frisii goddess of warfare


  • Idis (Germanic)/itis/ides, the West Germanic cognates of North Germanic dís, they are connected with battle magic and fettering enemy armies


  • Sandraudiga, goddess whose name may mean "she who dyes the sand red", suggesting she is a war deity or at least has a warrior aspect


  • Týr, god of war, single combat, law, justice, and the thing, who later lost much of his religious importance and mythical role to the god Wōden


  • Wōden, god associated with wisdom, poetry, war, victory, and death



Norse




  • Dís, a group of lesser goddesses who are sometimes connected with battle magic; valkyrie may be a kenning for them


  • Freyja, goddess associated with love, beauty, fertility, gold, seiðr, war, and death


  • Odin, god associated with wisdom, war, battle, and death


  • Týr, god associated with law, justice, victory, and heroic glory


  • Ullr, god associated with archery, skiing, bows, hunting, single combat, and glory


  • Valkyries, choosers of the slain and connected to Odin, ruler of Valhalla; they may be the same as the dís above



Greek mythology




  • Alala, spirit of the war cry


  • Alke, spirit of courage and battle-strength


  • Amphillogiai, goddesses of disputes


  • Androktasiai, spirits of battlefield slaughter


  • Ares, the main Greek god of war, despised by all the city-states except Sparta


  • Athena, goddess of wisdom, war strategy, and weaving, more beloved by ancient Greeks than Ares and tutelary deity of Athens, Sparta's rival


  • Bia, spirit of force and compulsion


  • Deimos, personification of terror


  • Enyalius, god of war; in early periods apparently an epithet of Ares, they were differentiated later


  • Enyo, goddess of war, sometimes appears to be identical to Eris


  • Eris, goddess of discord and strife


  • Hera, in the Illiad she has a martial character and fights (and wins) against Artemis; however, this warlike aspect of her appears nowhere else in the surviving corpus, suggesting it was dropped early on


  • Homados, spirit of the din of battle


  • Hysminai, female spirits of fighting and combat


  • Ioke, spirit of onslaught, battle-tumult, and pursuit


  • Keres, female spirits of violent or cruel death, including death in battle, by accident, murder, or ravaging disease


  • Kratos, personification of strength and power


  • Kydoimos, spirit of the din of battle


  • Makhai, male spirits of fighting and combat


  • Nike, spirit of victory


  • Palioxis, spirit of backrush, flight, and retreat from battle


  • Pallas, Titan god of war-craft and of the springtime campaign season


  • Perses, the Titan of destruction


  • Phobos, spirit of panic, fear, flight, and battlefield route


  • Phonoi, spirits of murder, killing, and slaughter


  • Polemos, spirit of war


  • Proioxis, spirit of onrush and battlefield pursuit



Hindu mythology




Kartikeya, god of war by Surendra Nath Ganguly, 1913.




  • Kartikeya, god of war and battle


  • Mangala, god of war


  • Nirrti, goddess of strife


  • Parvati, her forms Durga and Kali are known for fighting demons


  • Shiva, god of avenging and destroying and several of his avatars


  • Vishnu, several of his avatars are associated with fighting and vanquishing evil



Hittite mythology




  • Shaushka, goddess of fertility, war, and healing


  • Wurrukatte, god of war



Hungarian mythology



  • Hadúr, god of war and the metalsmith of the gods


Japanese mythology




  • Bishamonten, Buddhist god of war


  • Futsunushi, god of swords, martial arts, and conquest; god of the Mononobe clan


  • Hachiman Daimyōjin, Shinto god of war (on land) and agriculture, divine protector of the Minamoto clan; mostly worshiped by samurai


  • Sarutahiko, god of war and misogi; the deity who stands at the junction of Heaven and Earth; one of the main Kunitsukami; actively worshipped by Ueshiba Morihei


  • Takemikazuchi, god of war, conquest, martial arts, sumo, and lightning; general of the Amatsukami; god of Kashima and Ujigami of Nakatomi clan


  • Suwa Myōjin (Takeminakata-no-kami), god of valor and duty, protector of the Japanese religion



Lusitanian mythology



  • Neto, god believed to be associated with war, death, and weaponry


Mesopotamian mythology




  • Belus, Babylonian god of war


  • Inanna, Sumerian goddess of sex and war


  • Ishtar, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian counterpart to Inanna


  • Nergal, Babylonian god of war, fire, the underworld, and pestilence


  • Pap-nigin-gara, Akkadian and Babylonian god of war


  • Sebitti, group of minor Akkadian and Babylonian war gods


  • Shala, Akkadian and Babylonian goddess of war and grain


  • Shara, minor Sumerian god of war


  • Shulmanu, god of the underworld, fertility, and war



Mongolian mythology


  • Dayisun Tngri


Native American mythology



Aztec mythology



  • Patterns of War


    • Mixcoatl, god of war and hunting


    • Xipe-Totec, god of force, patron of war, agriculture, vegetation, diseases, seasons, rebirth, hunting, trades, and spring; lord of the east


    • Tlaloc, god of thunder, rain, and earthquakes


    • Xiuhtecuhtli, god of fire




  • Huitzilopochtli, god of will, patron of war, fire, and sun; lord of the south



Maya mythology



  • Tohil, god associated with fire, the sun, rain, mountains, and war


Pacific Northwest




  • Qamaits, Nuxálk warrior goddess


  • Winalagalis, Kwakwaka'wakw god of war



Plains


  • Morning Star, O-pi-ri-kus by one spelling; the god of war in Pawnee mythology


Nuristani mythology



  • Great Gish, god of war


Polynesian mythology



  • 'Oro, god of war


Hawaiian mythology




  • Kū, god of war and birds


  • Pele, goddess of fire, lightning, dance, volcanoes, and violence



Māori mythology



  • Tūmatauenga, god of war


Roman mythology




Juno Sospita Statue holding a spear and shield.




  • Bellona, goddess of war


  • Honos, god of chivalry, honor, and military justice


  • Juno, has a consistent martial character and the patron goddess of Rome, the mother of Mars and Bellona


  • Mars, god of war and agriculture, equivalent to Ares as far as being war gods; aside from this they have very little in common


  • Minerva, goddess of wisdom, medicine, music, crafts, and war, while somewhat equivalent to the Greek Athena, the Romans did not emphasize her war aspect like the Greeks did


  • Nerio, warrior goddess and personification of valor


  • Victoria, personification of victory, equivalent to the Greek goddess Nike


  • Virtus, god of bravery and military strength



Semitic mythology




  • Agasaya, "the Shrieker", goddess of war


  • Anat, goddess of war


  • Astarte, goddess of sex and war, western Semitic version of the Mesopotamian Ishtar and Inanna


  • Resheph, god of plague and war


  • Tanit, main Carthaginian goddess whose functions included war and the moon, a composite of Anat and Astarte/Ishtar/Inanna



Slavic mythology




  • Jarovit, god of vegetation, fertility, and spring, also associated with war and harvest


  • Perun, god of thunder and lightning, associated with war


  • Svetovid, god of war, fertility, and abundance


  • Zorya Utrennyaya, goddess of the morning star, sometimes depicted as a warrior goddess who protected men in battle



Turkic mythology



  • Kyzaghan, Turkic deity of war


Vietnamese mythology




  • Cao Lỗ, god of military innovations

  • Độc Cước, the protector of coastal settlements. Legend has it that he split himself in two with his axe, each half guards coastal villages against sea ogres.


  • Thánh Gióng, god of triumph over foreign invaders

  • Thần Đồng Cổ, the armored protector of the Lý dynasty



Voodoo



  • Ogoun, loa who presides over fire, iron, hunting, politics, and war


References





  1. ^ Kirsch, J. (2004). God Against the Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism. Viking Compass. ISBN 9780670032860. Retrieved 2015-06-22..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Occidental Mythology (Masks of God): Joseph Campbell: 9780140194418: Amazon.com: Books". amazon.com. Retrieved 2015-06-22.


  3. ^ Morris, Arnold Hugh Martin Jones, John Robert: The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire p. 612


  4. ^ Cahill, Suzanne E. (18 July 2013). "Sublimation in Medieval China: The Case of the Mysterious Woman of the Nine Heavens". Journal of Chinese Religions. 20 (1): 91–102. doi:10.1179/073776992805307692.


  5. ^ http://etheses.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/pdf/004777762.pdf[permanent dead link]










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