Ykhjuy

	; HMS Crusader; ;
Class overview
Name:	; Tribal (or F)
Operators:	; Royal Navy;
Preceded by:	; River class;
Succeeded by:	; Beagle (or G) class;
Built:	; 1905–1908
; In commission:;	; 1907–1920
Completed:	; 12
General characteristics
Type:	; Destroyer;
Displacement:	; 860 - 940 tons
Length:	; 275 ft (84 m)
Beam:	; 28 ft (8.5 m)
Draught:	; 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Propulsion:	; ; 2 or 3 shaft steam turbines, 12,500 shp (9,300 kW); ; ca.200 tons oil; ; ;
Speed:	; 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Armament:	; ; 5 × QF 12 pdr 12 cwt Mark I, mounting P Mark I; ; or; ; 2 × BL 4 in L/40 Mark VIII, mounting P Mark V; ; 2 × single tubes for 18-inch (450-mm) torpedoes; ; ; ;

The Tribal or F class was a class of destroyers built for the Royal Navy. Twelve ships were built between 1905 and 1908 and all saw service during World War I, where they saw action in the North Sea and English Channel as part of the 6th Flotilla and Dover Patrols.

Design

The preceding River- or E-class destroyers of 1903 had made 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h; 29.3 mph) on the 7,000 ihp (5,200 kW) provided by triple expansion steam engines and coal-fired boilers, although HMS Eden was powered by steam turbines.^[1] In November 1904, the First Sea Lord "Jackie" Fisher proposed that the next class of destroyers should make at least 33 knots (61 km/h) and should use oil-fired boilers and steam turbines as a means of achieving this.^[2] This resulted in a larger ship to provide the required doubling of installed power over their predecessors, but also pushed the design to the limits of capability of contemporary technology. As a result, the Tribals were severely compromised and a somewhat retrograde step after the excellent River class; they were lightly built and proved to be fragile in service.^{[citation needed]} More alarmingly however, they were only provided with 90 tons of bunkerage, and with high fuel consumption resulting from the unheard of power of 12,500 shp (9,300 kW), they were very uneconomical and had a severely limited radius of action; Afridi and Amazon once used 9.5 tons of oil each simply to raise steam for a three-mile (5 km) return journey to a fuel depot.

Design details were left to the individual builders, as was Royal Navy practice at the time for destroyers. As a result, no two were alike^[3]^[4] and there was considerable heterogeneity of detail and appearance, Most noticeably the number of funnels varied from three, in Cossack and Ghurka, to six in Viking; the latter, with two single and two pairs of funnels becoming the only six-funneled destroyer ever built. With a light mainmast aft, they were the first British destroyers to have two masts.

The first five ships were designed with the armament of three QF 12-pounder guns, an improvement from the single 12-pounder and five 6-pounder guns that the River class was completed with, while the number of torpedoes remained at two 18-inch (457 mm) tubes.^[5]^[6] From the sixth ship (Saracen) onwards, however, the armament was again increased, to a pair of BL 4-inch (102 mm) guns, with one gun mounted forward and another on the quarterdeck.^[7] From October 1908, the first five ships were modified by adding another pair of 12 pounder guns.^[8]

The shift towards the larger Tribals also created a requirement for a complementary class of smaller "Coastal" destroyers giving rise to the Cricket class of small TBD, of which 36 were built between 1905 and 1908. The result of this experiment was not ideal and for the following class of destroyers (the 'G', or Beagle, class) the Admiralty reverted to a single, more uniform design for the 1908-9 programme.

Ships

Seven ships to the Admiralty specification were originally envisaged, but only five vessels were ordered and built under the 1905-06 Programme, all to their builders' own designs.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate
Afridi	Armstrong Whitworth, Newcastle upon Tyne	9 August 1906	8 May 1907	7 September 1909	Sold on 9 December 1919 for breaking up
Cossack	Cammell Laird, Birkenhead	13 November 1905	16 February 1907	12 March 1908	Sold on 12 December 1919 for breaking uM
Ghurka	Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Newcastle upon Tyne	6 February 1906	29 April 1907	17 December 1908	mined and sunk off Dungeness Buoy on 8 February 1917
Mohawk	J Samuel White, Cowes	1 May 1906	15 March 1907	June 1908	Sold on 27 May 1919 for breaking up
Tartar	J I Thornycroft, Woolston	13 November 1905	25 June 1907	9 April 1908	Sold on 9 May 1921 for breaking up

Five more vessels were proposed, but only two were ordered and built under the 1906-07 Programme.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate	Image
Amazon	J I Thornycroft, Woolston	24 June 1907	29 July 1908	April 1909	Sold on 22 October 1919 for breaking up
Saracen	J Samuel White, Cowes	12 July 1907	31 March 1908	25 June 1909	Sold on 22 October 1919 for breaking up

A final five vessels were ordered and built under the 1907-08 Programme.

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launch date	Commissioned	Fate
Crusader	J Samuel White, Cowes	22 June 1908	20 March 1909	21 October 1909	Sold on 30 June 1920 for breaking up
Maori	William Denny & Brothers, Dumbarton	6 August 1909	24 May 1909	11 November 1909	Mined and sunk off Wirlingen Light Ship, Zeebrugge, on 7 May 1915
Nubian	J I Thornycroft, Woolston	18 May 1908	21 April 1909	24 August 1909	Torpedoed and damaged by German destroyers in action off Folkestone, on 27 October 1916
Viking	Palmers, Jarrow 29 June 1910	11 June 1908	14 September 1909	29 June 1910	Sold on 12 December 1919 for breaking up
Zulu	Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Newcastle upon Tyne	18 August 1908	16 September 1909	19 March 1910	Mined and damaged off Dover on 27 October 1916

Following the damage to Nubian and Zulu in October 1916, it was proposed on 8 November 1916 that the two undamaged 'ends' might be joined together, which was completed at Chatham Royal Dockyard 7 June 1917 by joining the undamaged fore section of Zulu and the rear section of Nubian respectively. The resulting destroyer was commissioned on 7 June 1917 as Zubian, which was sold for scrapping 1919.

Notes

^ Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 99.

^ Friedman 2009, pp. 106–107.

^ Janes p75

^ Cocker p27

^ Gardiner and Gray, 1985, pp. 71–72.

^ Friedman 2009, pp. 89–90, 107–108.

^ Friedman 2009, pp. 108–109.

^ Friedman 2009, p. 108.

References

Chesneau, Roger and Kolesnik, Eugene M. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1979. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 0-85177-133-5.

Cocker, Maurice. Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981. Ian Allan, 1983.
ISBN 0-7110-1075-7

Friedman, Norman. British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing, 2009.
ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.

Gardiner, Robert and Gray, Randal. Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press, 1985.
ISBN 0-85177-245-5.

Preston, Anthony. Destroyers. Bison Books, 1977.
ISBN 0-86124-057-X

External links

[conways60_p99-1] Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 99.

[friedman_p106-7-2] Friedman 2009, pp. 106–107.

[3] Janes p75

[4] Cocker p27

[conways06_p71-2-5] Gardiner and Gray, 1985, pp. 71–72.

[friedman_p89-0,_107-8-6] Friedman 2009, pp. 89–90, 107–108.

[friedman_p108-9-7] Friedman 2009, pp. 108–109.

[friedman_p108-8] Friedman 2009, p. 108.

v t e British naval ship classes of the First World War
Aircraft/Seaplane carriers	Empress^S^V Riviera^S^V Engadine^S^V Ark Royal^S Ben-my-Chree^S^V Campania^S^V Raven II^S^V Anne^S^V Vindex^S^V Manxman^S^V Furious^M Pegasus^S^V Nairana^S^V Argus^S^V Vindictive^S^V
Dreadnought battleships	Dreadnought^S Bellerophon St Vincent Neptune^S Colossus Orion King George V Erin^S Agincourt^S Iron Duke Canada^S Queen Elizabeth Revenge
Pre-dreadnought battleships	Royal Sovereign Majestic Canopus Formidable London Duncan King Edward VII Swiftsure Lord Nelson
Battlecruisers	Invincible Indefatigable Lion Queen Mary^S Tiger^S Renown Courageous Admiral^S^C Incomparable^X
Armoured cruisers	Cressy Drake Monmouth Devonshire Duke of Edinburgh Warrior Minotaur
Heavy cruisers	Hawkins
Light cruisers	Town^G Arethusa C^{G, C} Danae^C Emerald^A
Protected cruisers	Apollo Astraea Eclipse Blake Pearl Edgar Powerful Diadem Arrogant Pelorus Highflyer Challenger Topaze
Scout cruisers	Adventure Forward Pathfinder Sentinel Boadicea Blonde Active
Destroyer flotilla leaders	Swift^S Faulknor Marksman Parker Thornycroft (or Shakespeare)^C Admiralty (or Scott)^C
Destroyers	A^G B^G C^G D^G E^G F Cricket^G G H I K L Admiralty M Hawthorn M Thornycroft M Yarrow M Yarrow Later M Medea Arno^S R^G S^{G, C} Talisman V and W^{G, C}
Monitors	Marshal Ney Abercrombie Lord Clive Humber Gorgon M15 M29 Erebus
Minesweepers	Flower Racecourse Hunt Dance 24^C
Gunboats	Fly Insect
Submarines	A B C D E F G H^C J K L^C M^C R^C Swordfish^S V
A All completed after the war C One or more completed after the war G Grouping of several classes M converted from Courageous class S Single ship of class V Conversions X Cancelled

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Ykhjuy

Tribal-class destroyer (1905)

Contents

Design

Ships

Notes

References

External links

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Class overview
HMS Crusader
Name:	Tribal (or F)
Operators:	Royal Navy
Preceded by:	River class
Succeeded by:	Beagle (or G) class
Built:	1905–1908
In commission:	1907–1920
Completed:	12
General characteristics
Type:	Destroyer
Displacement:	860 - 940 tons
Length:	275 ft (84 m)
Beam:	28 ft (8.5 m)
Draught:	8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Propulsion:	2 or 3 shaft steam turbines, 12,500 shp (9,300 kW) ca.200 tons oil
Speed:	33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Armament:	5 × QF 12 pdr 12 cwt Mark I, mounting P Mark I or 2 × BL 4 in L/40 Mark VIII, mounting P Mark V 2 × single tubes for 18-inch (450-mm) torpedoes

Tribal-class (F-class) destroyers
Afridi Amazon Cossack Crusader Ghurka Maori Mohawk Nubian Saracen Tartar Viking Zubian Zulu
Preceded by: River class Followed by: Beagle class List of destroyers of the Royal Navy