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The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a centre-right^[2] coalition of political parties in India. At the time of its formation in 1998, it was led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and had thirteen constituent parties. Its chairman was Late former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Also representing the alliance are L. K. Advani, former Deputy Prime Minister, who is the acting chairman of the Alliance, Narendra Modi, current Prime Minister and Leader of the House in Lok Sabha; and Arun Jaitley, Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha and Finance minister. The coalition was serving the nation from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to serve in the 2014 General election with a combined vote share of 38.5%.^[3] Its leader, Narendra Modi, was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014.

History

Prime Minister Narendra Modi

The National Democratic Alliance was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. It was led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, and included several regional parties, including the Samta Party and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), as well as Shiv Sena, the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.^[4][5] With outside support provided by the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), the NDA was able to muster a slim majority in the elections of 1998, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee returned as prime minister.^[6] The government collapsed within a year because the (AIADMK) withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, this time for a full five-year term.^[7]

The NDA called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the Lok Sabha, compared to the 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress, with Manmohan Singh succeeding Vajpayee as prime minister. Some commentators have stated that the NDA's failure to reach out to the rural masses was the explanation for its defeat; others have pointed to its "divisive" policy agenda as the reason.^[8][9]

Structure

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure in place, such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and the issues that are raised in Parliament. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting among the allies. Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the Janata Dal (United) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the CM of Andhra Pradesh Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.^[10] On 27 July 2017 JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 Aug 2017 JD(U) formally joined the NDA after 4 years.^[11]

Present Members and Seats in Parliament

Currently, the parties in and supporting the NDA are:^{[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]}

NDA Governments in various states

As of November 2018, the BJP holds a majority of Legislative Assembly in 10 states - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand,Manipur, Tripura, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. In 2 states - Goa and Maharashtra BJP shares power as Senior Partner (Chief Ministers of BJP) with other political parties of NDA coalition.

In 5 other states, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Sikkim and Mizoram, it shares power as Junior Partner with other political parties of the NDA coalition.

The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. It has also ruled Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Odisha, Punjab and Puducherry as part of coalition governments.

List of Current NDA Chief Ministers

BJP Strength in State Legislatives Vidhan Sabha

List of Prime Ministers

List of NDA Candidates for 2014

Alliance Election wise

For Lok Sabha Election 2014

Party	Base State	Seats Contested	Seats Won	Seat Change
Bharatiya Janata Party	National Party	426	282	166
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	15	0	0
Pattali Makkal Katchi	Tamil Nadu	8	1	1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam	Tamil Nadu	7	0	1
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0	0
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi	Tamil Nadu	1	0	0
New Justice Party	Tamil Nadu	1	0	0
Telugu Desam Party	AP, Telangana	30	16	10
Jana Sena Party	AP, Telangana	0	–	–
Shiv Sena	Maharashtra	20	18	7
Swabhimani Paksha	Maharashtra	2	1	0
Republican Party of India (Athvale)	Maharashtra	1	0	0
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha	Maharashtra	1	0	0
Shiromani Akali Dal	Punjab	10	4	0
Lok Janshakti Party	Bihar	7	6	6
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party	Bihar	3	3	3
Haryana Janhit Congress	Haryana	2	0	1
Apna Dal	Uttar Pradesh	2	2	2
Kerala Congress (Nationalist)	Kerala	1	0	0
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik)	Kerala	1	0	0
All India N.R. Congress	Puducherry	1	1	1
National People's Party (India)	Meghalaya	1	1	1
Naga People's Front	Nagaland	1	1	0
Mizo National Front	Mizoram	1	0	0
Manipur Peoples Party	Manipur	0	–	–
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha	West Bengal	0	–	–
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party	Goa	0	–	–
Goa Vikas Party	Goa	0	–	–
North-East Regional Political Front	North East	#	–	–
National Democratic Alliance – Total	India	543	336	195

^ BJP had fielded 427 candidates on 427 seats out of 543 but nomination of BJP candidate S. Gurumoorthy was rejected from Niligiris for failing to submit mandatory forms during his nomination.^{[58][59][60][61][62][63]}

(#) NPP, NPF and MNF are contesting in each Seats & Other 8 Members supporting NDA Candidates

For Lok Sabha Election 2009

For Lok Sabha Election 2004

For Lok Sabha Election 1999

For Lok Sabha Election 1998

Past members

Year by year changes

2011

Parties that joined the NDA coalition were Haryana based Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) and Maharashtra based Republican Party of India.

Ajit Singh led Rashtriya Lok Dal withdrew from the NDA.

2012 Presidential election

NDA nominated P. A. Sangma as its presidential candidate who lost against UPA's Pranab Mukherjee.

Vice-Presidential election

Jaswant Singh was named as the candidate for the post of Vice-President against UPA's Hamid Ansari. Ansari won his second term in office.^[71]

2013

On 16 June 2013, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.

On 13 September 2013, Narendra Modi declared as PM candidate for 2014 Elections.

On 11 August 2013, after a discussion with BJP President Rajnath Singh, Janata Party Chairman Dr.Subramanian Swamy officially joined Bharatiya Janata Party and merged his Janata Party with the Bharatiya Janata Party in presence of BJP president Rajnath Singh.The announcement was made by Mr Swamy and BJP president Rajnath Singh after they met at the latter's residence in Delhi. Former BJP chief Nitin Gadkari and senior party leader Arun Jaitley were also present at the meet.

2014

On 1 January 2014, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam leader Vaiko has announced that MDMK formally joined back to NDA. Vaiko also announced Modi will be the best candidate for Prime Minister.^[72] The two small parties viz Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi have also joined NDA Alliance. The BJP would like Two more southern parties such as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi to also join the alliance.^[73]

In Maharashtra, two regional political outfits, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha, joined NDA in January.
^[74] The coalition of Five parties is termed as Mahayuti. So in Maharashtra now NDA alliance consist of 5 Parties viz BJP, Shiv Sena, Republican Party of India, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha.^[75]

On 23 February 2014, Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha joined NDA and will be contesting at 3 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.^[76] On 27 February 2014 Lok Janshakti Party led by Ramvilas Paswan joined NDA^[77] It would contest at 7 Lok Sabha Seats in Bihar during 2014 Elections.^[78]

DMDK will be fighting Lok Sabha Election through an alliance with BJP led NDA.^[79]MDMK, PMK led Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of NDA in Tamil Nadu.

Maharashtra Navnirman Sena : Its President, Raj Thackeray announced external support to NDA on 9 March 2014 which is marked as Party's formation day, supporting Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.

Indian National Lok Dal : Its Gen. Sec., Sh. Ajay Singh Chautala announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.

Lok Satta Party : President Shri J P Narayan announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate

All India NR Congress (AINRC) formally joined NDA on 13 March 2014 and will be contesting in Puducherry.^[15]

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) rejoined NDA on 6 April, after breaking alliance in 2004 post general election defeat.^[80]

Shiv Sena Though Shiv Sena has quit Mahayuti in Maharashtra, before Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 2014, but has decided to remain with NDA at the Centre.^[81]

All Jharkhand Students Union clinched an alliance with BJP for Jharkhand Assembly elections under which its junior partner will contest eight of the 81 seats in the state.^[82]

2015

Bharatiya Janata Party on February 27, 2015 clinched an alliance with People's Democratic Party for Government Formation in Jammu & Kashmir under which its CM will be from PDP.^[83]

2016

In January 2016, Bharatiya Janata Party clinched an alliance with Bodoland People's Front in Assam.^[84]

In March 2016, after a meeting with AGP President Atul Bora and Former Chief minister Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, BJP formed an alliance with Asom Gana Parishad for upcoming Assam legislative assembly election 2016.^[85] BJP also aligned with Rabha and Tiwa Tribe outfit Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch and Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch.

In March 2016, BJP forged an alliance with Kerala-based Ezhava outfit Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Party for Kerala Elections 2016.^[86]

Following BJP's victory in the Assam Legislative Assembly Elections 2016, the party formed an alliance of like-minded non-Congress parties in the Northeast, called the North-East Democratic Alliance, consisting of 11 regional parties of Northeast India. Himanta Biswa Sarma, BJP leader from Assam has been appointed Convener of the regional alliance.

On December 21, 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.^[87][88][89]

In December 2016, Khandu proved majority on the floor with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal’s 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP party increased its strength to 45 and it has the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after the 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.^[90][91]

2017

In January 2017, Bharatiya Janata Party's alliance partner Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and Shiv Sena in Maharashtra came together to contest Goa Legislative Assembly election in 2017 against the BJP with another Sangh Pariwar group called Goa Suraksha Manch.^[92]

The results of the 2017 Goa Assembly election gave rise to a hung assembly since no political party could achieve a complete majority of 21 in the 40 member Goa Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress emerged the largest party with 17 seats but ultimately, the Bharatiya Janata Party which emerged victorious in 13 constituencies formed the government with the support of the Goa Forward Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and independents.^[93] The Goa Forward Party expressed its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party on the condition that the then Union Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar would return to Goa as the Chief Minister of Goa.^[94]

On 15 March 2017, N. Biren Singh was sworn as the Chief Minister by having coalition with NPP, NPF, LJP and others, the first time that BJP formed a government in Manipur, though the INC emerged as the single largest party.

On 27 July 2017, Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA and formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and Sushil Kumar Modi as the Deputy Chief Minister, and with that BJP completed its domination in Hindi belt.^[95]

2018

On 9 March 2018, Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn as the Chief Minister having a pre-poll alliance with IPFT, the first time that BJP formed a government in Tripura.

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) withdrew from the NDA on 16 March 2018.^[96]

Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) withdrew from the NDA on 10 December 2018, citing a lack of progress on development in Bihar.^[97]

See also

• Coalition government


• United Progressive Alliance

References

External links

• lkadvani.in


• narendramodi.in


• amitshah.co.in