The Carlyle Group































































The Carlyle Group, L.P.
Type
 Public
Traded as
NASDAQ: CG
Industry Private equity
Founded 1987; 31 years ago (1987)
Founders
William E. Conway Jr.
Daniel A. D'Aniello
David M. Rubenstein
Headquarters
Washington, D.C.
,
United States
Key people
 Daniel A. D'Aniello
(Chairman Emeritus)
William E. Conway Jr.
(Co-Executive Chairman)
David M. Rubenstein
(Co-Executive Chairman)
Kewsong Lee
(Co-CEO)
Glenn Youngkin
(Co-CEO)
Products
Leveraged buyouts
Growth capital
Energy
Energy lending
Structured credit
Real estate
Revenue
US$ 702.8 million (three months ended 3/31/18)[1]
Net income
 US$ 117.7 million (three months ended 3/31/18)[1]
AUM US$ 201 billion (three months ended 3/31/18)[1]
Total assets US$ 13 billion (three months ended 3/31/18)[1]
Website carlyle.com

The Carlyle Group is an American multinational private equity, alternative asset management and financial services corporation. As one of the largest private equity and alternative investment firms in the world, Carlyle specializes in four key business areas: corporate private equity, real assets, global credit, and investment solutions.


Carlyle's corporate private equity business has been one of the largest investors in leveraged buyout transactions over the decade 2004–2014 (or perhaps 2000–2010),[citation needed] while its real estate business has actively acquired commercial real estate. Since its inception, Carlyle has at various times had investments in companies such as Booz Allen Hamilton, Dex Media, Dunkin' Brands, Freescale Semiconductor, Getty Images, HCR Manor Care, Hertz, Kinder Morgan, Nielsen, and United Defense.


Carlyle was founded in 1987 in Washington D.C. by William E. Conway Jr., Daniel A. D'Aniello, and David Rubenstein and currently operates with more than 1,575 employees in 31 offices across six continents. In 2012, Carlyle completed a $700 million initial public offering and began trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange on May 3, 2012.


According to a 2015 ranking called the PEI 300 based on capital raised over the last five years, Carlyle was ranked No. 1 as the largest private equity firm in the world.[2]




Contents






  • 1 Business segments


    • 1.1 Corporate Private Equity


    • 1.2 Real Assets


    • 1.3 Global Credit


    • 1.4 Investment Solutions




  • 2 History


    • 2.1 Founding and early history


    • 2.2 2002–2006


    • 2.3 Ownership changes




  • 3 Subsidiaries and joint-ventures


    • 3.1 Carlyle Capital Corporation




  • 4 In documentaries


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 Notes and references


  • 8 External links





Business segments


The firm is organized into four business segments:



  • Corporate Private Equity – Management of Carlyle's family of private equity funds investing primarily in leveraged buyout and growth capital transactions through a range of geographically focused investment funds;

  • Real Assets – Management of funds that pursue investments in real estate, infrastructure and energy and renewable resources;

  • Global Credit – Management of funds that pursue investments in distressed & special situations, direct lending, energy credit, loans & structured credit and opportunistic credit; and

  • Investment Solutions – Management of funds that invest in private equity and real estate fund of funds, co-investment and secondaries.



Corporate Private Equity


Carlyle's Corporate Private Equity division manages a series of leveraged buyout and growth capital investment funds with specific geographic or industry focuses. Carlyle invests primarily in the following industries: aerospace, defense & government services, consumer & retail, energy, financial services, health care, industrial, real estate, technology and business services, telecommunications & media, and transportation.


Carlyle’s Corporate Private Equity segment advises 23 buyout and 10 growth capital funds, with $75 billion in Assets Under Management ("AUM") as of March 31, 2018.[1]



Real Assets


Carlyle's Real Assets segment advises 11 U.S. and internationally- focused real estate funds, two infrastructure funds, two power funds, an international energy fund, and four Legacy Energy funds (funds that Carlyle jointly advises with Riverstone). The segment also includes nine funds advised by NGP. The Real Assets segment had approximately $44 billion in AUM as of March 31, 2018.[1]



Global Credit


Carlyle’s Global Credit segment advises 53 funds that pursue investment opportunities across distressed & special situations, direct lending, energy credit, loans & structured credit and opportunistic credit. The Global Credit segment had approximately $34 billion in AUM as of March 31, 2018.[1]



Investment Solutions


Carlyle’s Investment Solutions segment advises global private equity (AlpInvest Partners) and real estate (Metropolitan) fund of funds programs and related co-investment and secondary activities across 209 fund vehicles. The Investment Solutions segment had approximately $49 billion AUM as of March 31, 2018.[1]































AlpInvest Partners
Type
 Private
Industry Private Equity
Headquarters Amsterdam, Netherlands
Products
Fund investments
Secondaries
Co-Investments
Mezzanine
Total assets € 38 billion
Website www.alpinvest.com

Main article: AlpInvest Partners

AlpInvest Partners is one of the largest private equity investment managers globally with over €38 billion under management as of March 31, 2018, invested alongside more than 250 private equity firms. Founded in 1999, AlpInvest has historically been the exclusive manager of private equity investments for the investment managers of two of the world's largest pension funds Stichting Pensioenfonds ABP (ABP) and Stichting Pensioenfonds Zorg en Welzijn (PFZW), both based in the Netherlands. In 2011, Carlyle acquired AlpInvest and has integrated the business, including its leading fund-of-funds and secondary platforms, significantly expanding Carlyle's global asset management business.


AlpInvest pursues investment opportunities across the entire spectrum of private equity including: large buyout, middle-market buyout, venture capital, growth capital, mezzanine, distressed and sustainable energy investments. AlpInvest has offices in New York City, Amsterdam and Hong Kong with approximately 150 people, of whom more than 80 are investment professionals.


Carlyle's real estate fund of funds group is called Metropolitan, which provides investors with access to multi-manager real estate funds and solutions with more than 85 fund managers in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. Metropolitan constructs and manages U.S., non-U.S. and global real estate portfolios, which include primary and secondary fund interests as well as co-investments.



History





















History of private equity
and venture capital

Early history

(origins of modern private equity)

The 1980s

(leveraged buyout boom)

The 1990s

(leveraged buyout and the venture capital bubble)

The 2000s

(dot-com bubble to the credit crunch)

  • v

  • t

  • e



Founding and early history


Carlyle was founded in 1987 as an investment banking boutique by five original partners with backgrounds in finance and government: William E. Conway, Jr., Stephen L. Norris, David M. Rubenstein, Daniel A. D'Aniello and Greg Rosenbaum.[3] The founding partners named the firm after the Carlyle Hotel in New York City where Norris and Rubenstein had often met to discuss the formation of their new investment business.[4] Rubenstein, who was a Washington-based lawyer, had worked in the Carter Administration. Norris and D'Aneillo had previously worked together at Marriott Corporation while Conway was a finance executive at MCI Communications. Of the founding five partners Rubenstein, Conway and D'Aneillo remain active in the business while Rosenbaum left in the first year[5] and Norris departed in 1995.[4][6] Carlyle was founded with $5 million of financial backing from T. Rowe Price, Alex. Brown & Sons, First Interstate Equities, and the Richard King Mellon family.[7][8]


In the late 1980s, Carlyle raised capital on a deal-by-deal basis to pursue leveraged buyout investments including a failed takeover battle for Chi-Chi's.[5][8] The firm raised its first dedicated buyout fund with $100 million of investor commitments in 1990. In its early years, Carlyle also advised in transactions including a $500 million investment by Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal, a member of the Saudi royal family, in Citigroup in 1991.[8]




The Crusader weapon system, developed by United Defense, Carlyle's largest investment in the defense industry, was cancelled in May 2002[9]


Carlyle initially developed a reputation for acquiring businesses related to the defense industry. In 1992, Carlyle completed the acquisition of the Electronics division of General Dynamics Corporation, renamed GDE Systems, a producer of military electronics systems.[10] Carlyle would later sell the business to Tracor in October 1994.[11] Carlyle acquired Magnavox Electronic Systems, the military communications and electronic-warfare systems segment of Magnavox, from Philips Electronics in 1993.[12] Carlyle sold Magnavox for approximately $370 million to Hughes Aircraft Company in 1995. Carlyle also invested in Vought Aircraft through a partnership with Northrop Grumman.[13] Carlyle's most notable defense industry investment came in October 1997 with its acquisition of United Defense Industries. The $850 million acquisition of United Defense represented Carlyle's largest investment to that point.[9][14] Carlyle was able to complete an IPO of United Defense on the New York Stock Exchange in December 2001 selling a significant portion of its interest in the company. Carlyle completed a sale of its remaining United Defense stock and exited the investment in April 2004.[15] In more recent years, Carlyle has deemphasized its focus on defense industry investments.[16]


Carlyle's 2001 investor conference took place on September 11, 2001. In the weeks following the meeting, it was reported that Shafiq bin Laden, a member of the Bin Laden family, had been the "guest of honor", and that they were investors in Carlyle managed funds.[17][18][19][20][21] Later reports confirmed that the Bin Laden family had invested $2 million into Carlyle's $1.3 billion Carlyle Partners II Fund in 1995, making the family relatively small investors with the firm. However, their overall investment might have been considerably larger, with the $2 million committed in 1995 only being an initial contribution that grew over time.[22] These connections would later be profiled in Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 911. The Bin Laden family liquidated its holdings in Carlyle's funds in October 2001, just after the September 11 attacks, when the connection of their family name to the Carlyle Group's name became impolitic.[23]



2002–2006


Following the collapse of the Dot-com bubble in 2000 and 2001, buyout activity declined significantly. Marked by the two-stage buyout of Dex Media at the end of 2002 and 2003, large multibillion-dollar U.S. buyouts could once again obtain significant high yield debt financing and larger transactions could be completed. Carlyle, together with Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe, led a $7.5 billion buyout of QwestDex.[24] The buyout was the third largest corporate buyout since 1989.[25] QwestDex's purchase occurred in two stages: a $2.75 billion acquisition of assets known as Dex Media East in November 2002 and a $4.30 billion acquisition of assets known as Dex Media West in 2003.[26]R. H. Donnelley Corporation acquired Dex Media in 2006.[27] Shortly after Dex Media, other larger buyouts would be completed signaling the resurgence in private equity was underway.


Lou Gerstner, former chairman and CEO of IBM and Nabisco, was appointed chairman of Carlyle in January 2003, replacing Frank Carlucci.[28][29][30] Gerstner would serve in that position through October 2008.[31][32] The hiring of Gerstner, was intended to reduce the perception of Carlyle as a politically dominated firm.[33] At the time, Carlyle, which had been founded 15 years earlier had accumulated $13.9 billion of assets under management and had generated annualized returns for investors of 36%.[30]


Carlyle also announced the $1.6 billion acquisition of Hawaiian Telcom from Verizon in May 2004.[34] Carlyle's investment was immediately challenged when Hawaii regulators delayed the closing of the buyout. The company also suffered billing and customer-service issues as it had to recreate its back-office systems. Hawaiian Telcom ultimately filed for bankruptcy in December 2008, costing Carlyle the $425 million it had invested in the company.[35]




Carlyle led the $15 billion buyout of Hertz in 2005


As the activity of the large private equity firms increased in the mid-2000s, Carlyle kept pace with such competitors as Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, Blackstone Group, and TPG Capital. In 2005, Carlyle, together with Clayton Dubilier & Rice and Merrill Lynch completed the $15.0 billion leveraged buyout of The Hertz Corporation, the largest car rental agency from Ford.[36][37]


The following year, in August 2006, Carlyle and its Riverstone Holdings affiliate partnered with Goldman Sachs Capital Partners in the $27.5 billion (including assumed debt) acquisition of Kinder Morgan, one of the largest pipeline operators in the US. The buyout was backed by Richard Kinder, the company's co-founder and a former president of Enron.[38]


In September 2006, Carlyle led a consortium, comprising Blackstone Group, Permira and TPG Capital, in the $17.6 billion takeover of Freescale Semiconductor. At the time of its announcement, Freescale would be the largest leveraged buyout of a technology company ever, surpassing the 2005 buyout of SunGard. The buyers were forced to pay an extra $800 million because KKR made a last-minute bid as the original deal was about to be signed. Shortly after the deal closed in late 2006, cell phone sales at Motorola Corp., Freescale's former corporate parent and a major customer, began dropping sharply. In addition, in the recession of 2008–2009, Freescale's chip sales to automakers fell off, and the company came under great financial strain.[39][40]


Earlier that year, in January 2006, Carlyle together with Blackstone Group, AlpInvest Partners, Hellman & Friedman, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Thomas H. Lee Partners acquired Nielsen Company, the global information and media company formerly known as VNU in an $8.9 billion buyout.[41][42][43] Also in 2006, Carlyle acquired Oriental Trading Company which ultimately declared bankruptcy in August 2010[44] as well as Forba Dental Management, the owner of Small Smiles Dental Centers, the largest US chain of dental clinics for children.[45]



Ownership changes


For the first 25 years of its existence, Carlyle operated as a private partnership controlled by its investment partners. In 2001, the California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS), which had been an investor in Carlyle managed funds since 1996, acquired a 5.5% holding in Carlyle's management company for $175 million.[46] The investment was valued at approximately $1 billion by 2007 at the height of the 2000s buyout boom.[47]


In September 2007, Mubadala Development Company, an investment vehicle for the government of Abu Dhabi of the United Arab Emirates, purchased a 7.5% stake for $1.35 billion.[47][48]


In February 2008, California legislators targeted Carlyle and Mubadala, proposing a bill that would have barred CalPERS from investing money "with private-equity firms that are partly owned by countries with poor records on human rights." The bill, which was intended to draw attention to the connection between Carlyle and Mubadala Development, was later withdrawn.[49]


In May 2012, Carlyle completed an initial public offering of the company, listing under the symbol CG on the NASDAQ. The firm, which at the time managed approximately $147 billion of assets, raised $671 million in the offering. Following the IPO, Carlyle's three remaining founding partners, Rubenstein, D'Aniello and Conway retained the position as the company's largest shareholders.[50]


In June 2017, Carlyle took its non-traded BDC, TCG BDC, Inc., public in the first business development company IPO since 2014.[51][52]



Subsidiaries and joint-ventures


Carlyle has been actively expanding its investment activities and assets under management through a series of acquisitions and joint-ventures.



Carlyle Capital Corporation


In March 2008, Carlyle Capital Corporation, established in August 2006[53] for the purpose of making investments in U.S. mortgage-backed securities, defaulted on about $16.6 billion of debt as the global credit crunch brought about by the subprime mortgage crisis worsened for leveraged investors. The Guernsey-based affiliate of Carlyle was very heavily leveraged, up to 32 times by some accounts, and it expects its creditors to seize its remaining assets.[54] Tremors in the mortgage markets induced several of Carlyle's 13 lenders to make margin calls or to declare Carlyle in default on its loans.[55] In response to the forced liquidation of mortgage-backed assets caused by the Carlyle margin calls and other similar developments in credit markets, on March 11, 2008, the Federal Reserve gave Wall Street's primary dealers the right to post mortgaged-back securities as collateral for loans of up to $200 billion in higher-grade, U.S. government-backed securities.[56]


On March 12, 2008, BBC News Online reported that "instead of underpinning the mortgage-backed securities market, it seems to have had the opposite effect, giving lenders an opportunity to dump the risky asset" and that Carlyle Capital Corp. "will collapse if, as expected, its lenders seize its remaining assets."[57] On March 16, 2008, Carlyle Capital announced that its Class A Shareholders had voted unanimously in favor of the Corporation filing a petition under Part XVI, Sec. 96, of the Companies Law (1994) of Guernsey[58] for a "compulsory winding up proceeding" to permit all its remaining assets to be liquidated by a court-appointed liquidator.[59]


The losses to the Carlyle Group due to the collapse of Carlyle Capital are reported to be "minimal from a financial standpoint".[60]


In September 2017 the court ruled that Carlyle had no liability in the lawsuit. [61]



In documentaries


Carlyle has been profiled in two notable documentaries: Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11 and William Karel's The World According to Bush.


In Fahrenheit 9/11, Moore makes nine allegations concerning the Carlyle Group.[62] Moore focused on Carlyle's connections with George H. W. Bush and his Secretary of State James Baker, both of whom had at times served as advisers to the firm. The movie quotes author Dan Briody, who claimed that the Carlyle Group "gained" from the September 11 attacks because it owned United Defense, a military contractor, although the firm’s $11 billion Crusader artillery rocket system developed for the United States Army is one of the few weapons systems cancelled by the Bush administration.[16] A Carlyle spokesman noted in 2003 that its 7% interest in defense industries was far less than several other private equity firms.[63] Carlyle also has provided detail on its links with the Bin Laden family, specifically the relatively minor investments by an estranged half brother.[citation needed]


In The World According to Bush, William Karel interviewed Frank Carlucci to discuss the presence of Shafiq bin Laden, Osama bin Laden's estranged brother, at Carlyle's annual investor conference while the September 11 attacks were occurring.[18][64]



See also




  • Carlyle Group companies (category)

  • Arbusto Energy



References





  1. ^ abcdefgh "CG 2018 10-Q" (PDF)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "PEI 300". Private Equity International. June 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.


  3. ^ David A. Vise, "Area Merchant Banking Firm Formed," Washington Post, October 5, 1987, F33


  4. ^ ab John Mintz, "Founder Going Beyond the Carlyle Group," Washington Post, January 9, 1995, F9


  5. ^ ab Paul Farhi, "Chi-Chi's Bid Won D.C. Investment Firm Wall Street's Attention," Washington Post, June 6, 1988, F1


  6. ^ Thornton, Emily "Carlyle Changes Its Stripes," BusinessWeek, February 12, 2007


  7. ^ "Carlucci Takes Job at Carlyle Group". The New York Times, January 30, 1989


  8. ^ abc "Little-Known Carlyle Scores Big". New York Times, March 26, 1991


  9. ^ ab "Carlyle Beats Out Dynamics for United Defense". Wall Street Journal, August 27, 1997


  10. ^ "GENERAL DYNAMICS SELLS UNIT TO PRIVATE GROUP". New York Times, October 6, 1992


  11. ^ "TRACOR TO BUY GDE SYSTEMS FROM CARLYLE GROUP". New York Times, October 14, 1994


  12. ^ "PHILIPS TO SELL MAGNAVOX ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS". New York Times, July 28, 1993


  13. ^ "Hughes Aircraft Sets Purchase Of Magnavox for $370 Million". New York Times, September 12, 1995


  14. ^ "Military Contractor Sold to Buyout Firm". New York Times, August 27, 1997


  15. ^ United Defense Industries. GlobalSecurity.org, July 31, 2005. Retrieved October 22, 2008.


  16. ^ ab Pratley, Nils. Fahrenheit 9/11 had no effect, says Carlyle chief, The Guardian, February 15, 2005.


  17. ^
    Eric Alterman, Mark J. Green (2004). The Book on Bush: How George W. (Mis)leads America. Penguin. ISBN 9781101200810. Retrieved February 22, 2014. The extremely influential Carlyle Group has arranged similar gatherings during the previous fourteen years, beneath the radar of most of the mass media, between former politicians like Bush, James Baker, John Major, former World Bank treasurer Afsaneh Masheyekhi, and interested parties looking for some extremely expensive, high-powered lobbying services. On September 11, 2001, the Group happened to be hosting a conference at a Washington hotel. Among the guest of honor: investor Shafig bin Laden, another brother to Osama.


  18. ^ ab
    James K. Glassman (June 2006). "Big Deals. David Rubenstein and His Partners Have Made Billions With the Carlyle Group, the World's Hottest Private Equity Firm. How Have They Made All That Money? Why Are They in Washington?" (PDF). The Washingtonian. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2014.


  19. ^
    "The Carlyle Group: C for Capitalism". The Economist. June 26, 2003. Archived from the original on December 12, 2005. Retrieved February 22, 2014. ON the day Osama bin Laden's men attacked America, Shafiq bin Laden, described as an estranged brother of the terrorist, was at an investment conference in Washington, DC, along with two people who are close to President George Bush: his father, the first President Bush, and James Baker, the former secretary of state who masterminded the legal campaign that secured Dubya's move to the White House.


  20. ^
    Ed Vulliamy (May 16, 2002). "Dark heart of the American dream". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2014. On 11 September, while Al-Qaeda's planes slammed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the Carlyle Group hosted a conference at a Washington hotel. Among the guests of honour was a valued investor: Shafig bin Laden, brother to Osama.


  21. ^
    Michel Chossudovsky (April 13, 2013). "Is Kissing a "State Sponsor of Terrorism" a "Terrorist Act"? Political Satire". NSNBC. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2014. There is nothing wrong, therefore, in socializing and doing business with family members of terror mastermind Osama bin Laden, including the late Salem bin Laden and Shafiq bin Laden of the Carlyle Group.


  22. ^ "Bin Laden Family Is Tied To U.S. Group". Wall Street Journal, September 27, 2001


  23. ^ "Bin Laden Family Liquidates Holdings With Carlyle Group". New York Times, October 26, 2001


  24. ^ "Carlyle and Welsh snap up QwestDex | Private Debt Investor". Private Debt Investor. January 11, 2013. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  25. ^ Heath, Thomas (June 3, 2011). "Carlyle Group is ready for its close-up". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  26. ^ Services, From Times Wire (August 20, 2002). "Qwest to Sell Directories Business for $7 Billion". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  27. ^ "R.H. Donnelley Buys Dex Media". Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  28. ^ Lohr, Steve (November 22, 2002). "Gerstner to Be Chairman of Carlyle Group". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  29. ^ [IBM's Gerstner To Join Carlyle As Chairman]. Wall Street Journal, November 22, 2002


  30. ^ ab [Gerstner to Be Carlyle Group Chairman; Former IBM Chief Brings Long List of Contacts to Private Equity Firm]. The Washington Post, November 22, 2002


  31. ^ "Executive Profile: Louis V. Gerstner Jr". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  32. ^ Merced, Michael J. de la (August 19, 2008). "Leader of the Carlyle Group to Resign". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 9, 2018.


  33. ^ [The Man Behind the Curtain at Carlyle Group --- Despite All the Powerful Names, Little-Known David Rubenstein Drives Its Fund-Raising Success]. Wall Street Journal, August 25, 2003


  34. ^ Verizon Sells Hawaiian Unit For $1.6 Billion. The New York Times, May 22, 2004


  35. ^ Carlyle's Bet on Telecom in Hawaii Ends Badly. Wall Street Journal, December 2, 2008


  36. ^ ANDREW ROSS SORKIN and DANNY HAKIM. "Ford Said to Be Ready to Pursue a Hertz Sale." The New York Times, September 8, 2005


  37. ^ PETERS, JEREMY W. "Ford Completes Sale of Hertz to 3 Firms." The New York Times, September 13, 2005


  38. ^ Mouawad, Jad. "Kinder Morgan Agrees to an Improved Buyout Offer Led by Its Chairman." The New York Times, August 29, 2006.


  39. ^ King of Capital, 231-235


  40. ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross and Flynn, Laurie J. "Blackstone Alliance to Buy Chip Maker for $17.6 Billion." The New York Times, September 16, 2006


  41. ^ Goldsmith, Charles (March 8, 2006). "VNU Shareholders Reject $8.9 Bln Offer From KKR Group (Update2)". Bloomberg. Retrieved October 16, 2015.


  42. ^ Buyout Bid For Parent Of Nielsen. The New York Times, January 17, 2006


  43. ^ [1] Archived November 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.


  44. ^ McCarty, Dawn (August 25, 2010). "Oriental Trading Co. Files for Bankruptcy in Delaware". Bloomberg. Retrieved September 28, 2010.


  45. ^ [2] Archived August 29, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.


  46. ^ [Deals & Deal Makers: Calpers Buys 5% Stake in Carlyle Group For $175 Million, Invests in Some Funds]. Wall Street Journal, February 2, 2001


  47. ^ ab Heath, Thomas. "Government of Abu Dhabi Buys Stake in Carlyle." Washington Post, September 21, 2007, page D01.


  48. ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross. "Carlyle to Sell Stake to a Mideast Government." The New York Times, September 21, 2007.


  49. ^ Kasler, Dale. "Bill limiting CalPERS, CalSTRS investments withdrawn." Archived February 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Sacramento Bee, April 9, 2008.


  50. ^ Carlyle Prices IPO at Lower Range. Wall Street Journal, May 2, 2012


  51. ^ "TCG BDC, Inc". BDC Stocks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.


  52. ^ "TCG BDC, Inc. Prices Public Offering". The Carlyle Group. The Carlyle Group. Retrieved July 3, 2017.


  53. ^ [3]


  54. ^ "Carlyle Capital in default, on brink of collapse". Reuters.


  55. ^ "Carlyle Founders Consider Cash Infusion". washingtonpost.com.


  56. ^ [4] Archived December 20, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.


  57. ^ "Hedge fund on verge of collapse". BBC News Online. March 13, 2008.


  58. ^ [5] Archived September 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.


  59. ^ [6] Archived December 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.


  60. ^ Jessica Hall, Dane Hamilton (March 14, 2008). "CCC's Woes Seen as Small Blemish for Carlyle Group". Reuters.


  61. ^ DeJarnette, Jordan. "Carlyle executives exonerated over collapsed bond fund". Financial Times. Financial Times.


  62. ^ Moore, Michael "Factual Back-Up for Fahrenheit 9/11: Section Four" Archived June 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Michaelmoore.com


  63. ^ Doward, Jamie (May 23, 2003). "'Ex-presidents club' gets fat on conflict". The Observer.


  64. ^ "C for capitalism". The Economist. June 26, 2003. Retrieved October 16, 2015.




Notes and references





  • Geoffrey Colvin & Ram Charan, "Private Lives," Fortune Magazine, November 27, 2006


  • Private Equity Firms, Directory of Private Equity Firms

  • Emily Thornton, "Carlyle Changes Its Stripes," BusinessWeek, February 12, 2007

  • Dan Briody, The Iron Triangle: Inside the Secret World of the Carlyle Group, John Wiley & Sons, 2003,
    ISBN 0-471-28108-5.


  • Bin Laden Family Liquidates Holdings With Carlyle Group. New York Times: October 26, 2001.


  • Bin Laden Family Could Profit From a Jump In Defense Spending Due to Ties to U.S. Bank. Wall Street Journal: September 27, 2001.



External links








  • The Carlyle Group (company website)

  • Mubadala Development Companay

  • Carlyle Group - Mergr Profile












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Zagreb

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This article is about the Croatian capital city. For other uses, see Zagreb (disambiguation). City in City of Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb City Grad Zagreb City of Zagreb Clockwise, from top: St. Mark's Square, Croatian State Archives, Zagreb Tram, Art Pavilion, Cibona & HOTO towers and Croatian National Theatre. Flag Coat of arms Zagreb Location of Zagreb in Croatia Show map of Croatia Zagreb Zagreb (Europe) Show map of Europe Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E  /  45.817°N 15.983°E  / 45.817; 15.983 Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E  /  45.817°N 15.983°E  / 45.817; 15.983 Country   Croatia County City of Zagreb RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Subdivisions 17 city districts 218 local committees (70 settlements) Government  • Type Mayor-Council  • Mayor Milan Bandić (BM 365)  • City Assembly 51 members BM 365, ZL, NS-R (14) SDP, GLAS, HNS, HSS, NH-PS (13) ...
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Understanding the information contained in the Deep Space Network XML data?

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up vote 1 down vote favorite NASA's Deep Space Network activity can be viewed conveniently at https://eyes.nasa.gov/dsn/dsn.html but if you would like data in a more raw XML form, it can be accessed as described in this answer Below is a small Python script that reads the XML into a list of dictionaries, and saves it to disk as a JSON. The dictionaries are organized at the higher level by dish, then by spacecraft per dish. Question: What are the most-likely meanings of all the data field contained in the Deep Space Network XML data? This is the example url from the other answer, used in the script below: https://eyes.nasa.gov/dsn/data/1365107113.xml def dictify(r,root=True): # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2148119/how-to-convert-an-xml-string-to-a-dictionary-in-python/30923963#30923963 if root: ret...
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