Roderick Kingsley

































Roderick Kingsley

Roderick Kingsley (Hobgoblin).jpg
Roderick Kingsley unmasked as Hobgoblin in Spider-Man: Hobgoblin Lives #3 (1997). Art by Ron Frenz.

Publication information
Publisher Marvel Comics
First appearance
As Roderick Kingsley:
Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man #43 (June 1980)
As Hobgoblin:
The Amazing Spider-Man #238 (March 1983)
Created by
Roger Stern
Mike Zeck (Roderick Kingsley)
John Romita Jr. (Hobgoblin)
In-story information
Team affiliations
Astonishing Avengers[1]
Notable aliases
Hobgoblin, Devil-Spider
Abilities Master of hypnosis and drug induced mind control
Highly skilled business and criminal organizer
Talented fashion designer
Superhuman physical attributes and intelligence
Use of goblin-theme weapons and paraphernalia

Roderick Kingsley is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Peter Parker, The Spectacular Spider-Man #43, and was created by Roger Stern, Mike Zeck and John Romita Jr.[2] A billionaire and fashion designer who became obsessed with committing crimes, he is the first character to claim the Hobgoblin alias.


The character has been featured in various media adaptations, such as television series and video games. In 2009, The Hobgoblin was ranked by IGN's the 57th Greatest Comic Book Villain of All Time.[3]




Contents






  • 1 Publication history


  • 2 Fictional character biography


  • 3 Powers, abilities, and weaknesses


  • 4 Other versions


    • 4.1 MC2


    • 4.2 Old Man Logan


    • 4.3 Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows




  • 5 In other media


    • 5.1 Television


    • 5.2 Video games


    • 5.3 Toys




  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 External links





Publication history


Roderick Kingsley first appeared in The Spectacular Spider-Man #43. The Hobgoblin was created by writer Roger Stern and artist John Romita Jr. while working on The Amazing Spider-Man in the early 1980s. Like most other writers Stern found himself under pressure to have Spider-Man fight the Green Goblin again but did not wish to bring Norman Osborn or Bart Hamilton back from the dead, have Harry Osborn become the Green Goblin again or create yet another Green Goblin. Instead, he decided to create a new character as heir to the Goblin legacy and developed the Hobgoblin.[4]


The character's identity was not initially revealed, generating one of the longest running mysteries in the Spider-Man comics. According to Stern, "I plotted that first story with no strong idea of who the Hobgoblin was. As I was scripting those gorgeous pages from JR [John Romita, Jr.], particularly the last third of the book, and developing the Hobgoblin’s speech pattern, I realized who he was. It was Roderick Kingsley, that sunuvabitch corporate leader I had introduced in my first issue of [The] Spectacular [Spider-Man]."[5] A handful of readers deduced that Kingsley was the Hobgoblin almost immediately. In order to throw them off the scent, and in the same stroke provide a retroactive explanation for his inconsistent characterization of Kingsley in his early appearances, Stern came up with the idea of Kingsley having a brother named Daniel who sometimes impersonates him, sealing the deception by having the Hobgoblin conspicuously appear in the same room as Daniel Kingsley in Amazing Spider-Man #249.[5]


Stern's original plan was to have the mystery of the Hobgoblin's identity run exactly one issue longer than that of the Green Goblin's identity, meaning the truth would be revealed in The Amazing Spider-Man #264.[5] However, Stern left the series after The Amazing Spider-Man #252, and his successors felt Roderick Kingsley was a weak choice for the Hobgoblin's true identity.[5] After considerable creative struggle over the issue, the Hobgoblin was ultimately unmasked as Ned Leeds in The Amazing Spider-Man #289, and a new Hobgoblin was created from the storyline of Jason Macendale's hatred of the Hobgoblin.[6]


Stern was unhappy with the revelation that his character's civilian identity was Ned Leeds, and in 1997 he wrote a three-issue miniseries, Spider-Man: Hobgoblin Lives, with the retcon that Roderick Kingsley was the original Hobgoblin, and had brainwashed Leeds into serving as a fall guy. The series also reinstated Kingsley as the active Hobgoblin. After Norman Osborn returns from his apparent death, Stern followed up the miniseries with a Spider-Man storyline "Goblins at the Gate," which resulting Kingsley and Osborn becomes bitter rivals obsessed with each other's destruction over the legacy of the Goblin.



Fictional character biography


Roderick Kingsley started out as a fashion designer and billionaire, who had criminal underworld connections and had come about his wealth through unethical business practices and corporate raiding. Coincidentally, Kingsley was also the employer of Mary Jane Watson for a time.[7] As a means of avoiding the drill of day-to-day appearances, he had his timid identical twin brother Daniel pose as him to run his corporation day-by-day.[8]


Kingsley's activities gave him many enemies, one of which is Narda Ravanna, a rival fashion designer whose business he had ruined. Taking the identity of Belladonna, Narda attempts revenge on Kingsley but is twice thwarted by Spider-Man.[9][10][11] After these incidents, Kingsley seeks to protect himself and his empire by gaining more power. A thug named George Hill reports to Kingsley of stumbling upon the secret lair of Norman Osborn in hopes of earning a reward. Kingsley instead kills Hill to make sure that no one else gets wind of the discovery.[12]


Upon examining the lair and gleaning the secrets within it, Kingsley decides to use the Green Goblin's equipment, but coming to the conclusion that all previous wearers of the Green Goblin mantle went mad, he instead creates a similar but different mantle, becoming the first to adopt the identity known as the Hobgoblin.[12] Soon after adopting this new identity, he encounters Spider-Man.[13] He uses some of Osborn's files on prominent figures to blackmail them,[14] and attempts to buy Osborn's old corporation and merge with his own.[15] These schemes bring him into conflict with Spider-Man.[13] Among Osborn's notes, Kingsley also finds incomplete remnants of the Green Goblin strength enhancing potion. He becomes obsessed with finding the complete formula or perfecting the incomplete notes.[16] In his various criminal activities, Kingsley repeatedly loses to Spider-Man, as he lacks his raw physical power.[13]


Kingsley eventually recovers the strength-enhancing Goblin Formula. Aware that the formula had driven Osborn insane, Kingsley opts to test it on someone else first.[16] He tricks a small-time hood in his employ, Lefty Donovan, into administering the formula and then uses mind control to force Donovan to fight Spider-Man in the Hobgoblin costume. From a distance, Kingsley monitors Donovan's vital signs and behavior. When Spider-Man overwhelms and unmasks Donovan, and the brainwashing begins to fail, Kingsley acts to protect his identity by programming Donovan's glider to crash, instantly killing Donovan.[16][17] Judging the experiment a success, Kingsley immerses himself in his completed derivative of the Goblin Formula and gains greater strength than the original Green Goblin. He uses this newfound strength to battle Spider-Man and the Black Cat.[18]


Despite his increased abilities, he is still narrowly defeated by Spider-Man. Worse, he attracts the attention of powerful criminal interests who perceive him as a threat, including the Kingpin.[14] After a bitter encounter with Spider-Man,[19][20] Kingsley discovers he had been followed by Daily Bugle reporter Ned Leeds having discovered his lair.[21] Kingsley captures Leeds and brainwashes the reporter with hypnosis and hallucinogenics into becoming the Hobgoblin.[21] Kingsley discovers that Leeds had been working with the Kingpin's son, Richard Fisk, on a plan to bring down the Kingpin's empire as Richard adopted the identity of the Rose and poses as a crime lord. Kingsley uses Leeds to handle some of the negotiations, fooling many criminals into believing that Leeds is the Hobgoblin. He hopes to use the Kingpin's downfall as an opportunity to advance his own interests. After Leeds becomes too erratic to continue to function as Kingsley's 'decoy', he arranges for Leeds to be assassinated while on a trip to Berlin, and decides to retire from his criminal identity.


During the events of Secret Wars II, Kingsley is recruited by Mephisto into his Legion Accursed, a team of ninety-nine supervillains who try to destroy the Beyonder.[22] The Hobgoblin later kidnaps Harry Osborn. He battles Osborn using his own father's weaponry against the Hobgoblin.[23]




Kingsley returns as the original Hobgoblin on Spider-Man: Hobgoblin Lives #1 (January 1997). Art by Ron Frenz.


After a retirement of several years, Kingsley returns to New York. He kills Jason Macendale, the fourth and then-current Hobgoblin, in the latter's jail cell to prevent him from giving the authorities information that would jeopardize his secret identity. Learning that Betty Brant has begun to investigate Ned's activities as the Hobgoblin – informed of the truth by Spider-Man after Peter realized that the Foreigner's human operatives could never have killed Leeds if he had been a super-powered Hobgoblin – Kingsley kidnaps Betty and sets a trap for Spider-Man. In the final fracas, Daniel Kingsley is captured and the Hobgoblin is unmasked, clearing Ned Leeds' name. Roderick Kingsley is taken to prison.[24]


Furious at Norman Osborn's return and denial of being the Green Goblin, Kingsley spreads rumors that there exists a secret journal of Osborn's that proves beyond a doubt he is the Green Goblin. Although this was later revealed to be a ruse, knowing Osborn has been sending his spies in on him: all of the journals in his possession had been destroyed during a battle with Spider-Man years before.[25] He offers to barter this information, for his freedom, with the District Attorney, guessing that Osborn will try to get to him first. Osborn, deciding to make a deal with Kingsley, breaks him out of prison. Kingsley is then confronted by both Osborn and another Green Goblin.[26] Osborn provides Kingsley with new Hobgoblin equipment, and both Goblins swoop in to collect Daniel Kingsley, now in protective custody, who Roderick claims knows the location of the final journal. Spider-Man defends Daniel, but is drugged, and both men are taken back to Osborn.[27]


Osborn explains that he knew Kingsley was lying about the journal and has bought Kingsley's company out from underneath him; the purpose of helping Kingsley escape is for Osborn to eliminate the one person who possibly can prove that he is the Green Goblin, personally. Furious, Kingsley attacks Osborn, who is shocked to discover that Kingsley is stronger than he is and thus fails at killing him. The building began to burn as a result of their battle, and Spider-Man escapes with Daniel Kingsley. All three of the villains managed to escape as well. With several million dollars hidden away in foreign bank accounts, Kingsley quietly moves to a small island in the Caribbean to enjoy his retirement.[28]


Kingsley is seemingly killed by Phil Urich, who takes on the role of the Hobgoblin,[29] but this was in fact Daniel Kingsley with Roderick still active in Ecuador under the alias Devil-Spider. He learns that his brother has been murdered and plans his return to New York.[30] Roderick Kingsley arrives in New York City and returns to the Hobgoblin role, intending to go after Urich.[31] Kingsley attacks Urich and Kingpin in Shadowland. After a brief battle between the two Hobgoblins, Peter Parker and Max Modell escape with the Goblin Key (a key to one of Norman Osborn's Goblin warehouses). Kingsley and Urich decide to call a brief truce and go after them.[32] After accessing the warehouse, Peter utilizes the Goblin tech to make himself a "Spider-Glider" and manages to escape. Urich insists on going after him but Kingsley stuns Urich with a taser so they can both escape. Kingsley decides to let Urich remain the Hobgoblin, but only if he gives Kingsley a cut of whatever profit he makes.[33]


Kingsley obtains one of Mysterio's suits and sells it to a criminal who takes on the name Mysterion.[34] He sells the Crime Master's gear to an unnamed Maggia operative.[35] He ends up in a gang war with the Goblin King's Goblin Nation, selling equipment to low-level criminals who became the latest versions of 8-Ball, Answer, Blaze, Devil-Spider, Gibbon, Hitman, Killer Shrike, Mauler, Melter, Ringer, Steeplejack, Tumbler, and Unicorn as well as a new villain named Bruin (who wears one of Grizzly's old exoskeleton bear suits).[36] Goblin King kills Hobgoblin and claims his henchmen in the name of the Goblin Nation, but Kingsley was actually in Paris and his butler Claude went in his place so that he could keep his enemies distracted. Kingsley decides to lay low once again working on his personal empire.[37] It was later revealed that Roderick Kingsley sold costumes and gear that made the latest versions of Hydro-Man, Tiger Shark, Squid,[38] and Beetle.[39]


During the AXIS storyline, Roderick Kingsley becomes Hobgoblin again as he appears as a member of Magneto's unnamed supervillain group during the fight against Red Skull's Red Onslaught form. When Magneto arrives to recruit him, Hobgoblin attacks him and is subjugated and forced to join Magneto's team.[40] Hobgoblin accompanies Magneto and the other villains recruited by him to Genosha.[41] The inversion spell caused by Doctor Doom and Scarlet Witch affects not only the Skull but all those present in Genosha, making the super heroes present evil and the supervillains present good. Following his inversion, Roderick Kingsley returns to New York and finds himself happier with his inversion, although still motivated by greed rather than altruism. He reactivates his franchises where he leases the personas and costumes of deceased or retired superheroes to ordinary people, but remains a wanted criminal. He also enfranchises his Hobgoblin persona to various people to perform heroic deeds as Hobgoblin and publishes a comic about them for promotion. Among those who answer an ad are an amnesiac Lily Hollister and an underemployed teenager named John Myers. Other attendees include a different Demolition Man, Flower Girl, Leather Boy, a new Razorback, and a new Water Wizard. He sets a three phase program including a book and various articles with his brand and underground speeches named after Ned Leeds for people to make their own franchises in exchange for a share of their profits.[42] Hobgoblin debuts his Hob-Heroes: Lily Hollister as Queen Cat, John Myers as Missile Mate, Flower Girl, Leatherboy, Rocket Head, and Water Wizard. When Phil Urich confronts Roderick Kingsley in his headquarters, Myers is convinced by Urich's claims that the Hobgoblin will soon abandon the heroes he has trained. Missile Mate goes to Phil Urich's headquarters and asks him to join him to be a supervillain. Urich is reluctant, but Myers shows him that he has also gathered all the supervillains the Hobgoblin "abandoned" after becoming a good guy.[43] When the celebration of a Hobgoblin Day is being held with a parade in Roderick Kingsley's honor, Missile Mate betrays Hobgoblin and attempts to murder him in the name of the Goblin King. Roderick has already expected the betrayal and has been using a hologram decoy which takes Missile Mate's blow. As soon as Roderick Kinglsey confronts Missile Mate, the Goblin King appears with his Goblin Nation and attacks the celebration. Hobgoblin bests Urich in combat and leaves him to the authorities. After, he is approached by Steve Rogers to become part of a team of Avengers with the objective to stop the inverted X-Men from detonating a gene bomb which would kill everyone on the Earth who wasn't a mutant.[44] The Avengers team that Hobgoblin joins is called the Astonishing Avengers.[1] After the reinversion spell is cast to restore the Avengers and X-Men members that were affected by it back to the side of good, Hobgoblin becomes evil again.[45]


Hobgoblin starts to get his old franchises back under control. Outside of recruiting Blizzard, Hobgoblin regains his former minions Beetle, Bruin, Hitman, Ringer, and Unicorn as well as establishing his versions of Cutthroat, Diamondback, Mockingbird, and Viper. When franchisee Porcupine informs Hobgoblin of his intent to end his contract, Hobgoblin tries to kill him with a Pumpkin Bomb in order to reclaim his suit for future franchisees.[46] In the resulting battle with Porcupine and his crimefighting mentor Spider-Woman, Hobgoblin is abruptly vaporized by Captain Marvel.[47]


Hobgoblin turns up alive as he was seen as a member of the Sinister Six led by Aaron Davis in a recolored Iron Spider armor. He accompanies the Sinister Six in a plot to steal a decommissioned S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier.[48]



Powers, abilities, and weaknesses


In the beginning of his career Kingsley had no superhuman abilities, but possessed a keen analytical intellect with enough knowledge of chemistry and biology to understand the notes of Norman Osborn regarding the Green Goblin formula originally conceived by Dr. Mendel Stromm. Kingsley not only recreated the formula, but perfected it by removing its side-effects. Further, he updated many of Osborn's various inventions. Kingsley was a master of hypnosis and drug induced mind control. Kingsley was skilled in the management of both criminal organizations and legally run professional businesses.


Due to the green chemical solution that he bathed in, Kingsley possesses superhuman strength on par with Spider-Man[8] and stronger than Norman Osborn. Likewise, his reflexes, speed, stamina, and intellect were also enhanced to superhuman levels.


As the Hobgoblin, he wore bulletproof mail with an overlapping tunic, cape, and cowl. A computerized system cybernetically causes the finger-blasters to randomly vary their attack vectors when trained on a particular target. He uses a Goblin glider, a one-man miniature turbo-fan powered vertical thrust, cybernetically-controlled vehicle. It can reach high velocities and is extremely maneuverable. He uses concussion and incendiary Jack O'Lanterns, wraith-shaped smoke and gas-emitting bombs, bat shaped razor-edged throwing blades, and gloves woven with micro-circuited power conducting filaments which channel pulsed discharges of electricity. He wore a shoulder bag to carry his small, portable weaponry.



Other versions



MC2


Roderick Kingsley made his MC2 debut in Spider-Girl #97, as a hired assassin to kill many of the Spider-Girl characters, including Normie Osborn, Spider-Girl, and Peter Parker. After a fight against both Spider-Girl and her father, he came close to victory, but at the end his only success lay in killing the Venom symbiote, and also in escaping without a trace.[49] He attempted a complex plot to become the new kingpin of crime, but was undone due to an act of treachery by his partner, the Mindworm. Killing the Mindworm, and deciding the New York underworld had become too "hot" for him at the moment, he chose to return to the Caribbean, but vowed someday to come back and finish off Spider-Girl.[50] He is later revealed to be the instigator of a mob war against the Black Tarantula, returning to New York to finish the job.[51] He defeated American Dream and the New Warriors. He then dropped them from a great height, planning to kill Spider-Girl as she tried to save them. However, he himself was then killed by Mayhem, Spider-Girl's half-symbiote clone.[52]



Old Man Logan


In the pages of Old Man Logan, Hobgoblin was among the villains that attacked the Avengers in Connecticut. He worked with Vulture to fight Wasp only for Wasp to use her stingers to shoot Hobgoblin off his Goblin Glider.[53]



Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows


During the "Secret Wars" storyline in the pages of Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows, Hobgoblin appears as a member of Regent's Sinister Six where they are tasked to hunt down Spider-Man.[54] During the fight with Spider-Man, Hobgoblin's hand was webbed up by Spider-Man before he could throw his Pumpkin Bomb which led to Hobgoblin getting killed in its explosion.[55]



In other media



Television


Roderick Kingsley appears in The Spectacular Spider-Man, voiced by Courtney B. Vance.[56] In the series, he owns a perfume factory and is African American. He successfully outbids Tombstone, Silvermane and Doctor Octopus for the specifications to the Rhino armor. After collecting the specifications, Silver Sable and Hammerhead attempt to steal them for their respective employers only for Kingsley to hand them a decoy. He almost escapes but is confronted by an angry Rhino. He then flees due to the subsequent three way brawl between Hammerhead, Silver Sable, and a short-lived alliance between Spider-Man and Rhino. Spider-Man and Rhino manage to destroy the case with the specifications inside. Unknown to any of them, that was another decoy that was destroyed, with the real specifications never leaving Norman Osborn's possession. The producers stated that, if the series had continued for a third season, Kingsley would've become the Hobgoblin.



Video games



  • Hobgoblin appeared in Spider-Man and Captain America in Doctor Doom's Revenge allied with Doctor Doom.

  • Hobgoblin appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man for the Game Boy.

  • Hobgoblin again appeared as a boss in the sequel The Amazing Spider-Man 2. Once he is defeated, Spider-Man uses his glider to pass a wall that he could not scale.

  • Hobgoblin appears in the PSP and PS2 versions of Spider-Man: Web of Shadows. He appears as an assist character who will throw a pumpkin bomb at any enemies. In the other versions, the first appearance of the glider-bound armored enemies called Tech Flyers has Spider-Man mercilessly mocking them for their supposed lack of originality by saying things like, "You're not the Green Goblin or the Hobgoblin, you're just a cheap knock-off!"[57]

  • Hobgoblin appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.



Toys




  • Bowen Designs released a Hobgoblin bust in 2005 of the Roderick Kingsley version.

  • In 2009, Hasbro released a 3​3⁄4 inch Hobgoblin for their Marvel Universe toyline. The packaging information signifies that the character is indeed the Roderick Kingsley version.



See also




  • Hobgoblin (comics)

  • Goblin (Marvel Comics)



References





  1. ^ ab Avengers & X-Men: AXIS #6


  2. ^ Marvel Age #111, April 1992, Marvel Comics


  3. ^ "Hobgoblin is number 57 - IGN". Comics.ign.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2010-08-13..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ DeFalco, Tom (2004). Comics Creators on Spider-Man. Titan Books. ISBN 1-84023-422-9.


  5. ^ abcd Greenberg, Glenn (August 2009). "When Hobby Met Spidey". Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing (35): 10–23.


  6. ^ Fettinger, J.R. "Squandered Legacy: The Rise and Fall of the HobGoblin Part Two: The Goblin in Decline". Spidey Kicks Butt. Retrieved 2009-02-19.


  7. ^ DeFalco, Tom (w), Frenz, Ron (p), Rubenstein, Josef (i). "Whatever Happened To Crusher Hogan?" Amazing Spider-Man 271 (December 1985), Marvel Comics


  8. ^ ab Stern, Roger (w), Frenz, Ron (p), Pérez, George (i). "Victims" Hobgoblin Lives 1 (January 1997), Marvel Comics


  9. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Zeck, Mike (p), Mitchell, Steve (i). "Pretty Poison" Peter Parker The Spectacular Spider-Man 43 (June 1980), Marvel Comics


  10. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Severin, Ron (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "A Night on the Prowl!" Peter Parker The Spectacular Spider-Man 47 (October 1980), Marvel Comics


  11. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Severin, Marie (p), Patterson, Bruce (i). "Double Defeat!" Peter Parker The Spectacular Spider-Man 48 (November 1980), Marvel Comics


  12. ^ ab Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Romita, John Sr. (i). "The Shadow of Evils Past!" The Amazing Spider-Man 238 (March 1983), Marvel Comics


  13. ^ abc Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Giacoia, Frank (i). "Now Strikes The Hobgoblin!" The Amazing Spider-Man 239 (April 1983), Marvel Comics


  14. ^ ab Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Green, Dan (i). "Secrets!" The Amazing Spider-Man 249 (February 1984), Marvel Comics


  15. ^ DeFalco, Tom (w), Frenz, Ron (p), Rubinstein, Josef and Breeding, Brett (i). "The Challenge of Hobgoblin!" The Amazing Spider-Man 260 (January 1985), Marvel Comics


  16. ^ abc Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "Ordeals!" The Amazing Spider-Man 244 (September 1983), Marvel Comics


  17. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Simons, Dave (i). "Sacrifice Play!" The Amazing Spider-Man 245 (October 1983), Marvel Comics


  18. ^ Mantlo, Bill, Roger Stern (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Mooney, Jim (i). "The Hatred of the Hobgoblin!" Peter Parker The Spectacular Spider-Man 85 (December 1983), Marvel Comics


  19. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John Jr. (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "Confessions!" The Amazing Spider-Man 250 (March 1984), Marvel Comics


  20. ^ DeFalco, Tom, Roger Stern (w), Frenz, Ron (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "Endings!" The Amazing Spider-Man 251 (April 1984), Marvel Comics


  21. ^ ab Stern, Roger (w), Frenz, Ron (p), McLeod, Bob (i). "Secrets" Hobgoblin Lives 3 (March 1997), Marvel Comics


  22. ^ Shooter, Jim (w), Milgrom, Al (p), Leialoha, Steve (i). "Charge Of The Dark Brigade!" Secret Wars II 7 (January 1986), Marvel Comics


  23. ^ DeFalco, Tom (w), Frenz, Ron (p), Rubinstein, Josef (i). "The Sins of My Father!" The Amazing Spider-Man 261 (February 1985), Marvel Comics


  24. ^ Spider-Man: Hobgoblin Lives #3 (March 1997)


  25. ^ Stern, Roger (w), Romita, John II (p), Janson, Klaus (i). "Confessions!" The Amazing Spider-Man 250 (March 1983), Marvel Comics


  26. ^ Spectacular Spider-Man #259 (July 1998)


  27. ^ Spectacular Spider-Man #260 (August 1998)


  28. ^ Spectacular Spider-Man #261 (September 1998)


  29. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #649


  30. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #691 (August 2012)


  31. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #694 (September 2012)


  32. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #696 (October 2012)


  33. ^ The Amazing Spider-Man #697 (November 2012)


  34. ^ Avenging Spider-Man #26


  35. ^ The Superior Spider-Man #22


  36. ^ The Superior Spider-Man #25


  37. ^ The Superior Spider-Man #26


  38. ^ Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 3 #1


  39. ^ Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 3 #6


  40. ^ Magneto Vol. 3 #11


  41. ^ Avengers & X-Men: AXIS #2


  42. ^ AXIS: Hobgoblin #1


  43. ^ AXIS: Hobgoblin #2


  44. ^ AXIS: Hobgoblin #3


  45. ^ Avengers & X-Men: AXIS #9


  46. ^ Spider-Woman Vol. 6 #13


  47. ^ Spider-Woman Vol. 6 #16


  48. ^ Spider-Man #234


  49. ^ Spider-Girl #100 (September 2006)


  50. ^ The Amazing Spider-Girl #18 (May 2008)


  51. ^ The Spectacular Spider-Girl #3 (July 2010)


  52. ^ The Spectacular Spider-Girl #4 (August 2010)


  53. ^ Old Man Logan Vol. 2 #8


  54. ^ Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows #1. Marvel Comics.


  55. ^ Amazing Spider-Man: Renew Your Vows #2. Marvel Comics.


  56. ^ Goldman, Eric (2010-07-07). "IGN: The Spectacular Spider-Man's Past and Future". Tv.ign.com. Retrieved 2010-08-13.


  57. ^ “”. "Let's Play: Spider-Man: Web of Shadows S03 P02 - Here, Kitty Kitty Kitty!". YouTube. Retrieved 2010-08-13.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)




External links




  • Hobgoblin I at Marvel.com


  • Hobgoblin I at the Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe

  • SpideyKicksButt.com: "Squandered Legacy: The Rise and Fall of the Hobgoblin"

  • Peter David site: "Foolish Consistencies and..."












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Zagreb

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This article is about the Croatian capital city. For other uses, see Zagreb (disambiguation). City in City of Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb City Grad Zagreb City of Zagreb Clockwise, from top: St. Mark's Square, Croatian State Archives, Zagreb Tram, Art Pavilion, Cibona & HOTO towers and Croatian National Theatre. Flag Coat of arms Zagreb Location of Zagreb in Croatia Show map of Croatia Zagreb Zagreb (Europe) Show map of Europe Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E  /  45.817°N 15.983°E  / 45.817; 15.983 Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E  /  45.817°N 15.983°E  / 45.817; 15.983 Country   Croatia County City of Zagreb RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Subdivisions 17 city districts 218 local committees (70 settlements) Government  • Type Mayor-Council  • Mayor Milan Bandić (BM 365)  • City Assembly 51 members BM 365, ZL, NS-R (14) SDP, GLAS, HNS, HSS, NH-PS (13) ...
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Understanding the information contained in the Deep Space Network XML data?

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up vote 1 down vote favorite NASA's Deep Space Network activity can be viewed conveniently at https://eyes.nasa.gov/dsn/dsn.html but if you would like data in a more raw XML form, it can be accessed as described in this answer Below is a small Python script that reads the XML into a list of dictionaries, and saves it to disk as a JSON. The dictionaries are organized at the higher level by dish, then by spacecraft per dish. Question: What are the most-likely meanings of all the data field contained in the Deep Space Network XML data? This is the example url from the other answer, used in the script below: https://eyes.nasa.gov/dsn/data/1365107113.xml def dictify(r,root=True): # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2148119/how-to-convert-an-xml-string-to-a-dictionary-in-python/30923963#30923963 if root: ret...
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