Caspians
Multi tool use
"Caspian people" redirects here. For other uses, see Caspian people (disambiguation).
Ethnic map of the Caucasus in the 5th and 4th centuries BC.
The Caspians (Greek: Κάσπιοι Kaspioi, Aramaic: kspy, Georgian: კასპიელები kaspielebiʿ, Old Armenian: կասպք kaspkʿ, Persian: کاسپیان Kāspiān) were a people of antiquity who dwelled along the southern and southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea, in the region known as Caspiane.[1]Caspian is the English version of the Greek ethnonym Kaspioi, mentioned twice by Herodotus among the Achaemenid satrapies of Darius[2] and applied by Strabo.[3] The name is not attested in Old Iranian.[4]
The Caspians have generally been regarded as a pre-Indo-European people. They have been identified by Ernst Herzfeld with the Kassites,[5] who spoke a language not identified with any other known language group and whose origins have long been the subject of debate. However onomastic evidence bearing on this point has been discovered in Aramaic papyri from Egypt published by P. Grelot,[6] in which several of the Caspian names that are mentioned—and identified under the gentilic כספי kaspai—are in part, etymologically Iranian. The Caspians of the Egyptian papyri must therefore be considered either an Iranian people or strongly under Iranian cultural influence.[4]
References
^ "A Cyro Caspium mare vocari incipit; accolunt Caspii" (Pliny, Natural History vi.13); for a Greek ethnonym of the Aegean Sea, however, see the mythic Aegeus.
^ Herodotus, iii.92 (with the Pausicae) and 93 (with the Sacae).
^ Strabo (11.2.15) gives a lost work of Eratosthenes as his source.
^ ab Rüdiger Schmitt in Encyclopedia Iranica, s.v. "Caspians". Accessed on April 4, 2010 at: [1]
^ Herzfeld, The Persian Empire, (Wiesbaden) 1968:195-99, noted by Rüdiger.
^ Grelot, “Notes d'onomastique sur les textes araméens d'Egypte,” Semitica 21, 1971, esp. pp. 101-17, noted by Rüdiger.
slhA K58yzC64MX,kopMuQMFi w9Hk,olE,tIBtZ,Dp,5iaeN,qeo,zWBzrEGRvhJCbADVwcGeTr09AAcgwYX1ttWpLVFah6K
Popular posts from this blog
Not to be confused with Oriental Orthodoxy, Eastern Christianity, or Eastern Catholic Churches. "Eastern Orthodoxy", "Orthodox Church", "Orthodox Catholic Church", and "Orthodox Christian Church" redirect here. For other uses, see Orthodox (disambiguation). This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably . The readable prose size is 132 kilobytes. Please consider splitting content into sub-articles, condensing it, or adding or removing subheadings. ( January 2018 ) Part of a series on the Eastern Orthodox Church Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia Overview Structure Theology (History of theology) Liturgy Church history Holy Mysteries View of salvation View of Mary View of icons Background Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension of Jesus Christianity Christian Church Apostolic succession Four Marks of the Church Orthodoxy Organization Autocephaly Patriarchate ...
This article is about the Croatian capital city. For other uses, see Zagreb (disambiguation). City in City of Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb City Grad Zagreb City of Zagreb Clockwise, from top: St. Mark's Square, Croatian State Archives, Zagreb Tram, Art Pavilion, Cibona & HOTO towers and Croatian National Theatre. Flag Coat of arms Zagreb Location of Zagreb in Croatia Show map of Croatia Zagreb Zagreb (Europe) Show map of Europe Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E / 45.817°N 15.983°E / 45.817; 15.983 Coordinates: 45°49′N 15°59′E / 45.817°N 15.983°E / 45.817; 15.983 Country Croatia County City of Zagreb RC diocese 1094 Free royal city 1242 Unified 1850 Subdivisions 17 city districts 218 local committees (70 settlements) Government • Type Mayor-Council • Mayor Milan Bandić (BM 365) • City Assembly 51 members BM 365, ZL, NS-R (14) SDP, GLAS, HNS, HSS, NH-PS (13) ...
Troll s are mythical creatures found in Games Workshop's Warhammer Fantasy fictional universe. Contents 1 Description 2 Varieties 2.1 Stone Trolls 2.2 River Trolls 2.3 Chaos Trolls Description Trolls are usually depicted as large, ugly, clumsy brutes, with thick skin. Though they vary greatly in appearance, they are all big, stupid and hungry. Trolls are able to vomit up the contents of their hideous stomach at will, which is particularly bad as troll digestive acids are among the most corrosive substances in the Warhammer world. The metabolism of trolls is such that although apparently knocked down and killed they can regenerate and recover unless decapitated. Trolls are not numerous nor organized enough to form armies of themselves. They are employed by some, such as the Orcs & Goblins because their stupidity makes them of excellent value. Varieties Besides the bog standard "common troll," there are a number of differen...
